范宽《溪山行旅图》高清图片

作品简介

此幅绘峻峰大岭，飞瀑云腾。山凹有兰若，路侧车马纡行，笔势雄厚，扑人眉宇。画幅右角树荫下有范宽二字款。诗塘董其昌行楷书题：北宗范中立谿山行旅图，董其昌观。钤印二：宗伯学士。董其昌印。

范宽(公园10世纪)，陕西华原人。字中立，本名中正。性温厚，有大度，关中人谓性缓为宽，故时人称之为范宽。为人风仪峭古，举止疏野，嗜酒落魄，不拘于世，常往来于京洛之间。喜画山水，始师李成，又师荆落，既乃叹曰：「与其师人，不若师诸造化。」乃舍旧习，卜居终南太华，遍观奇胜。居山水间，常危坐终日。纵目四顾，以求其趣。对景造意，不取繁饰，写山真骨，自成一家，而与关仝，李成并驰方驾，为北宋三大家之一。生卒年不详。

范宽向来被视为山水成立期的大师，可惜生平不详，只知他曾隐居终南、太华，晚年来往于开封、洛阳间，但未入朝任职，大约一○二五年时还在世。本幅被公认为他的真迹，甚至视为宋代山水画的代表形象。 画中山水并非模仿真实空间为目标，而是巧妙地在近、中、远三段式的基本构图中，藉推远主山、拉近中景、突显近景渺小行旅与主山巍峨崇高的对比等手法，创造了一种如临其境的壮硕山水之趣。 画幅右下角树荫中藏有「范宽」二字款，左下脚则有「忠孝之家」印，为钱勰所有，他也是苏轼的朋友。

此画右下山林枝叶间有「范宽」的款署。范宽(活动于11世纪初期)，字中立，华原(今陕西耀县)人，擅长山水，初学李成、荆浩，因长年观察自然而独创一家面貌。 本幅构图简洁，近景为下方中央的巨石，中景则是驴队所在，远景是一耸立主山。其山腰下藉云雾留白，凸显空间远隔之效。全幅以方折线条钩勒轮廓，再藉短笔皴画土石质感。庞大山体与画中行旅驴队相映，展现出慑人的雄壮气势。

Fan K'uan has long been considered a founding master of Chinese landscape painting. Unfortunately, little is known about him, including his birth and death dates. However, he apparently lived in reclusion in the Chung-nan and T'ai-hua Mountains, and in later years traveled between K'ai-feng and Loyang. He never became an official and was still living around 1025. This is universally regarded as an authentic work of his and representative of Sung landscape painting, especially the Northern Sung monumental manner. The artist's purpose here apparently was not to replicate realistic space. Rather, by cleverly manipulating the basic compositional blocks of the fore-, middle-, and background, he could push back the main mountain peak, reign in the middleground, and focus on the minute travelers in the foreground. With the dramatic contrast between tiny figures and towering central mountains, the artist created an interesting scene placing the viewer in the midst of a monumental landscape. In the lower right corner, hidden among the trees, is the brief signature “Fan K’uan”, and in the lower left is the seal “Chung-hsiao chih chia” (Of the Family of Chung-hsiao). The latter belonged to Ch'ien Hsieh, a friend of the Northern Sung literary great Su Shih.

Among the leaves of the trees in the lower right part of the mountain forest is the signature for “Fan Kuan.” A native of Huayuan (modern Yaoxian, Shaanxi), Fan Kuan (style name Zhongli) excelled at landscape painting, at first studying the styles of Li Cheng and Jing Hao and, because of his long years observing nature, he was able to create a style of his own. The composition of this painting is succinct; the foreground consists of large rocky outcroppings in the lower center, the middle ground reveals a line of donkeys, and in the distance stands a towering mountain. The foot of the peak has been left blank to suggest a band of clouds and mist, highlighting the effect of distance and height in the space. Angular strokes outline the forms throughout the work, to which short brush texturing was added to give substance to the landscape forms. The contrast between the monumental peak and the small train of donkeys here express an absorbing aura of majesty.

作者款识

范宽。(画幅右下角树荫中藏有「范宽」二字款)。

题跋

董其昌诗塘题跋:北宋范中立谿山行旅图。董其昌观。印记：宗伯学士、董其昌印。

技法

界画、皴法、雨点皴。

主题

印记

收藏著录

石渠宝笈初编(重华宫)，页802;

故宫书画录(卷五)，第三册，页41;

故宫书画图录，第一册，页167-168。