拉斐尔油画作品《金翅雀圣母》高清图片

作品简介

《金翅雀圣母》(Madonna del cardellino)是意大利文艺复兴艺术家拉斐尔约1505-1506年创作的木板油画。经过长达10年的修复过程，该画作于2008年完成修复并回归佛罗伦萨乌菲齐美术馆的常设展陈。修复期间，美术馆曾用一件古代复制品暂代原作展出。

拉斐尔与米开朗基罗、达芬奇并称文艺复兴三杰。这位1483年出生、1520年逝世的艺术家虽仅享年37岁，却在建筑、版画、绘画和素描等多个领域产出大量杰作。其早期职业生涯在意大利北部度过，深受佛罗伦萨艺术风格影响，史称"佛罗伦萨时期"。1508年迁居罗马后，他承接了许多梵蒂冈的委托，包括创作《雅典学院》等传世名作。正因与教廷的密切合作，他与米开朗基罗终生保持着激烈竞争关系。在佛罗伦萨时期，拉斐尔除创作本作外，还完成了《草地圣母》和《美丽的女园丁》等圣母题材作品。这些作品具有共同特征：圣母身着象征基督受难的红色与代表教会的蓝色衣袍;采用圣母子与施洗约翰三人组合的三角构图;通过书籍、十字架或金翅雀等元素体现宗教寓意。

在这幅典型佛罗伦萨时期的圣母像中，拉斐尔将圣母玛利亚、基督与幼年施洗约翰三人自然姿态融入几何构图，形成近乎完美的三角形结构。青春美丽的圣母身着红蓝衣袍，两位婴孩则通过金翅雀产生互动——施洗约翰手捧小鸟，基督正伸手抚摸。背景的自然景观错落有致地烘托着主体场景。

此画原是拉斐尔赠予友人洛伦佐·纳西的结婚礼物。1548年11月17日，纳西宅邸遭遇山体滑坡，画作碎裂成十七块。经紧急修复后虽重新拼合，但接痕明显。2002年，宝石协会的乔治·邦桑蒂将修复工作委托给帕特里齐亚·里塔诺团队。在历时六年的修复中，专家们运用X光、CT扫描、红外反射成像和激光等技术，清除了数个世纪积累的污垢，并修复了山体滑坡造成的损伤。里塔诺逐层去除历代仓促修复的痕迹，最终使拉斐尔原作重现光彩。修复成果于2008年在乌菲齐美术馆公开展示。

画中金翅雀象征基督受难，传说其头部红羽源自十字架上基督滴落的血珠。圣母手持的书卷题有"Sedes Sapientiae"(智慧宝座)，通常指代圣母怀抱圣婴的宝座像，在此则隐喻圣母所坐的岩石即自然宝座。瓦萨里记载中提及的类似作品《瓦隆布罗萨版本》至今尚未被确认。

The Madonna del cardellino or Madonna of the Goldfinch is an oil on wood painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael, from c. 1505–1506. A 10-year restoration process was completed in 2008, after which the painting was returned to its home at the Uffizi in Florence. During the restoration, an antique copy replaced the painting in the gallery.

Raphael is considered to be a “master” of the High Renaissance, a title he shares with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. He was born in 1483 and died in 1520, living a mere thirty-seven years. Despite his relatively short lifespan, his influence was significant. He produced a vast quantity of work in a variety of media. He was active in architecture, printmaking, painting, and drawing. During the first half of his career, he spent years in Northern Italy where he was influenced by the Florentine styles he saw there, hence this part of his life is known as his Florentine Period. In 1508, he moved to Rome where he continued to work. Many of his commissions came from the Vatican, including the Apostolic Palace, and one of his most famous works, School of Athens. Because of his relationship with the church, he and Michelangelo were fierce rivals throughout both their careers, often competing for the same commissions. During his Florentine period, Raphael painted The Madonna Del Cardellino along with several other well-known Madonnas: The Madonna of the Meadow and La belle jardinière. All three share several characteristics: Madonna is clothed in red and blue, the same three subjects are painted, the pyramidal composition, the natural background, and the connection to the church through the representation of books, crosses, or, indeed, the goldfinch.

In this painting, as in most of the Madonnas of his Florentine period, Raphael arranged the three figures - Mary, Christ and the young John the Baptist - to fit into a geometrical design. Though the positions of the three bodies are natural, together they form an almost regular triangle. The Madonna is shown young and beautiful, as with Raphael's various other Madonnas. She is also clothed in red and blue, also typical, for red signifies the Passion of Christ and blue was used to signify the church. Christ and John are still very young, only babies. John holds a goldfinch in his hand, and Christ is reaching out to touch it. The background is one typical of Raphael. The natural setting is diverse and yet all calmly frames the central subject taking place.

The Madonna was a wedding gift from Raphael to his friend Lorenzo Nasi. On November 17, 1548 Nasi's house was destroyed by a landslide and the painting broke into seventeen pieces. It was immediately taken to be salvaged, and was hastily put back together, though the seams were quite visible. In 2002, George Bonsanti of the Precious Stones organization gave the task of restoration to Patrizia Riitano. During the six-year process that followed, her team worked to remove the years of grime that had degraded the painting's color, and to fix the damage done by the landslide long ago. Before beginning the project, they studied the work as closely as possible, utilizing resources such as X-rays, CAT scans, reflective infra-red photography, and lasers. Riitano closely studied the past quick fix layers that had been applied and removed them until the original by Raphael finally shone through. The restoration was completed in 2008, and the painting was put on display in the Uffizi.

In Madonna Del Cardellino, the goldfinch represents Christ's crucifixion. The reason for its association comes from the legend that its red spot was born at the time of the crucifixion. It flew down over the head of Christ and was taking a thorn from His crown, when it was splashed with the drop of His blood. The book in Mary's hand reads Sedes Sapientiae or The Throne of Wisdom. This term usually is applied to images in which Mary is seated upon a throne, with Jesus on her lap, but in this case, the inscription implies the rock on which Mary sits is her natural throne.

In some versions of Vasari another similar painting is described as the Vallombrosa version but it has never been identified.